His study of theoretical physics and cosmology have made a huge impact on the way that space is understood. He has a condition known as motor neurone disease related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and has suffered from this since he was 20 years old. Claudius Ptolemy 90 A. D Claudius Ptolemy was an Egyptian astronomer, mathematician and geographer, with Greek ancestry.
Nicolaus Copernicus It was Nicolaus Copernicus that shattered the belief that the Erath was at the centre of the universe. Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler was a firm supporter and defender of Copernicus. Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei was the central figure of scientific research in the 17 th.
Isaac Newton Isaac Newton is often considered to be the most influential person in all of science. The three Newtonian laws are: an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in uniform motion tends to stay in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force The net force on an object is equal to the rate of change of its linear momentum in an inertial reference frame, or if a body is accelerating, there a force is acting on it.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite action Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens was a Dutch Astronomer who made advances in mathematics, physics and horology. He was recently commemorated as the probe sent to observe Titan was named after him. Giovanni Cassini Giovanni Cassini was an Italian astronomer who, together with his colleague, Jean Richer, used the Parallax method to determine the distance between Earth and Mars.
Charles Messier In , the young French astronomer Charles Messier witnessed a 6-tailed comet and instantly developed an interest in astronomy. Albert Einstein Albert Einstein is the most prominent theoretical physicist of the 20 th century. Stephen Hawking b. Share Facebook Twitter. This translation provided the Islamic world with valuable astronomical concepts to build upon.
Azophi equated the Greek names with the Arabic names for individual stars. It was one of the most important texts for Arab astronomers for centuries. Original copies of the book still exist today! The Hubble Space Telescope orbits around Earth. Roman was the first chief astronomer for NASA. She inspired NASA to explore the concept of sending telescopes to space. Space telescopes have many advantages over telescopes on Earth. Named for one of the most famous American astronomers, Edwin Hubble, the Hubble telescope launched in Hubble has made nearly one and a half million observations.
Most importantly, it is one of the main sources for those really cool space images. In addition to the five famous astronomers above, countless men and women from across the globe have advanced the science of astronomy. We can thank Jocelyn Burnell for trying to change this! She created a multi-million dollar fund to help underrepresented groups pursue physics.
If you want to come back down to Earth after this article, check out these famous botanists! Browse Categories. Chickadees are genetically inclined to have a remarkable memory. Sluggish sea urchins double their pace when they smell danger. Extended sitting time increases risk of depression, anxiety. Amazonian birds are changing shape in response to global warming.
Newly discovered antibody may prevent future coronavirus pandemic. Dinosaurs engaged in herd living much earlier than expected. Plant-based food consumption doubled in the last decade.
Staggering amount of wastewater impacts coastal ecosystems. In addition, he discovered the Cassini Division in the rings of Saturn in His name lives on today in the Cassini orbiter which has studied Saturn and its satellites since Charles Messier of France developed an interest in astronomy at an early age, having witnessed a 6-tailed comet at age 14 in Further he viewed an annular solar eclipse in As a young comet hunter, he began to discover and note nebulas, as these frequently were confused for comets.
Thus began his famous catalog of deep-sky objects, such as star clusters and galaxies. The first version in covered 45 objects, eventually expanded by Messier to objects though there is a debate about M Later astronomers filled out the catalog to a total of objects. Today Messier's catalog is still used widely, though because of his location in France, he only included Northern Hemisphere sky objects.
Albert Einstein — of Germany stands as the preeminent physicist of the twentieth century. Though he did not practice observational astronomy as in peering through telescopes, his theories of relativity extended so far — to the entire universe, in fact — they forever changed astronomy. Further, the speed of light is a constant. A great deal of modern physics revolves around these ideas. Further expanding those ideas, Einstein developed general relativity, which states space and time curve near a massive object, distorting the fabric of space-time.
Einstein received the Nobel Prize in physics, among many other awards and honors. His distinctive appearance, in particular his flowing hair, made an indelible impression upon world society, serving as a template for eccentric scientists and geniuses in fiction.
He developed the first maps of Earth's magnetic field. He mastered the diving bell, using it to operate a successful underwater salvage operation. By using arrows to demonstrate their course, Halley traced the dominant winds of the Planet. Arrows are still used in meteorology to date. Halley analyzed the positions of about Southern Hemisphere stars and observed a Mercury movement from the island of Saint Helena.
He assumed that to determine the Sun's distance, this phenomenon and possible movement of Venus can be used. Halley also used the first movement instrument at the Greenwich Observatory and developed a method for calculating longitude at sea by lunar measurements.
He deduced, in , that the stars must possess a modest motion of their own, balancing the current star positions with those enumerated in Ptolemy's catalog, and he detected this proper motion in three stars. William Herschel was a British composer and astronomer born in Germany, the father of sidereal astronomy, to systematically examine the cosmos.
He identified Uranus and its two shining moons, Titania and Oberon; identified the moons of Saturn, Mimas, and Enceladus; found the ice caps of Mars, numerous asteroids and twofold stars and documented 2, deep-sky objects. The nebulae were hypothesized by him to be composed of stars, which led to the stellar evolution theory being established.
His interest in music prompted Herschel to pursue mathematics and the study of optics. While reading Robert Smith's Harmonics, he found Smith's other projects, such as A Compleat Framework of Opticks; during this time, he mastered telescope design techniques.
His enthusiasm for astronomy took a turn when he encountered Royal Nevil Maskelyne, the English astronomer. Subsequently, Herschel began constructing his telescopes and would spend several hours polishing and grinding mirrors each day. With a magnification capacity of over 6, times, he even made his oculars. He utilized his telescopes to study the stars and planets. His home-made telescopes were renowned for their excellent accuracy, and he started keeping an astronomical journal to document his observations in March of Johann Gottfried Galle was born in Germany.
He was the first individual to view planet Neptune based on estimations by French mathematician, Urbain Le Verrier; Although, Neptune's discovery is usually attributed to Le Verrier and English astronomer John Crouch Adams, who first predicted its location. He worked there for 16 years. He used Fraunhofer-refractor with a 9-inch Galle even had three new comets identified between December and March Galle continued to study celestial orbits and developed a formula for measuring the overall aurorae height and the meteors' direction.
He compiled the data into a single body of work for the comets, which were observed in He was also fascinated with the atmosphere and magnetic fields of the Earth. Galle wrote about works in his lifetime.
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