About 20 miles of the county border upon the Ohio River, which drains most of the region through the various branches of Yellow Creek and Beaver River. A watershed passes through the western part of the county, with the result that the northwestern sections are drained into the Mahoning River, while the southwestern corner is drained by the Tuscarawas-Muskingum system.
The surface of the county is varied. The glacial boundary runs through Columbiana centrally from east to west and touches the City of Lisbon. The surface of the northern part of the county was therefore molded to some extent by glacial action, while the southern part belongs to the unglaciated plateau, the topography being decidedly hilly and rugged. The level land of this latter section is found along the main ridges and large streams, and it is here that the highest and lowest elevations of the county are found; the highest, 1, feet in Madison township, and the lowest, feet along the Ohio River in Yellow Creek township.
In the northern glaciated sections the soil is very fertile and well suited to agriculture, but in the southern townships, where limestone soil prevails, it is less productive. However, this southern section is well adapted for pasturelands, fruit growing, and timber growth.
The prevailing rocks nearest the surface are of the Pennsylvania formations consisting of shales, limestone, and sandstone, with intermingled layers of coal and commercially important clays. The average annual production of coal between and was , tons and of clay, , tons. Columbiana is not one of the important coal producing counties, but coal has been mined and used locally for more than a century, Salineville being the center of this industry.
One of the pioneer gas wells in the county was driven near East Liverpool in , and this community was among the first to pipe natural gas for fuel and lighting purposes. From to about test wells were drilled, more than half of which were producers. In more than wells were yielding oil or gas in commercial quantities although the total production was not comparable with that of more important gas and oil regions.
The earliest inhabitants of the region included in Columbiana County were the prehistoric tribes known as the Mound Builders. However, owing to the rugged topographical nature of the county and the lack of important streams and valleys, there are few earthworks in this region.
The most unusual existing records of these aborigines are the two petroglyphs, which were cut into the rocks bordering the Ohio River near the present town of Wellsville.
These consist of crude figures of men, animals, serpents, and similar objects. Two mounds, on village site, three burials, and one cemetery also show that these tribes once inhabited the region.
Several important Indian trails ran through the county. No explorations of the region are positively known to have been undertaken before , when Christopher Gist of the Ohio Company traveled through. A portion of the land proposed to be secured by the Ohio Company was in Columbiana County. From this time on more frequent visits to the territory are dependably recorded. In James Smith of Pennsylvania was captured by the Indians and as an adopted member of the tribe mad various trips through the region.
In Colonel Henry Bouquet and his army, marching against Indians in the Tuscarawas-Muskingum Valley, passed through, using for his camp a site now known as Camp Bouquet in what is now Middleton Township.
In October George Washington, while engaged in land examinations, camped about one mile above the present City of East Liverpool and to lighten his canoe concealed provisions at this point. In a party of frontiersmen pursued marauding Indians into Columbiana County; in a desperate struggle, Adam Poe killed the Indian leader Big Foot, in a hand-to-hand encounter, which is one of the most thrilling events in the frontier period of Ohio.
Settlement of the county by large numbers of people awaited the extinction of Indian title, cession of state claims, and survey and sale of the lands. At Ft. Stanwix, in the fall of , negotiations were conducted with the Iroquois, who surrendered their claims to the region north of the Ohio.
In at Ft. Four states, New York, Virginia, Massachusetts, and Connecticut had claims on the Northwest, but by these had been settled by cession to Congress. In some cases, however, certain reservations were made. All of the land included in present-day Columbiana County was under the jurisdiction of Congress and was surveyed in accordance with the Land Ordinance of While there was no reserved land in this region, Congress made one direct grant consisting of lands near the present City of Salem to a Samuel Smith.
The actual work of surveying the Seven Ranges the first rows of townships adjacent to Pennsylvania and Virginia began in the fall of , and by , with some surveys completed, land sales were begun. The southern part of Columbiana County was included in the Seven Ranges and hence was among the first parts of Ohio to be surveyed. Settlers soon appeared in the region embraced in present-day Columbiana County.
Many squatters built cabins at an early date, but the first permanent settlement was made in or , by John Quinn, a hunter, who chose a site near the present Village of Calcutta in St. Clair Township. Another pioneer named Carpenter cleared a tract of land near the present Village of West Point in , and is sometimes considered the first settler. It was a son of this Carpenter who, in the same year, killed an intoxicated Indian, Chief Whiteyes, in self-defense. This proved to be the last Indian danger that menaced these settlements.
Records include wills, estates, guardianships, naturalizations, marriage, adoption, and birth and death records only. The records may give the decedent's date of death, name of spouse, children, parents, siblings, in-laws, neighbors, associates, relatives, and their place of residence. See Ohio Probate Records for information about how to use probate records. Ohio tax records complement land records and can be used in place of censuses before or to supplement the years between censuses.
Because only persons who owned taxable property were listed, many residents were not included in tax lists. There may also be gaps of several years in the tax records of some counties. Vital records consist of birth, death, marriage and divorce records. Marriages were usually recorded from the formation of the county and are held at the office of the County Probate Court.
Divorce records are located with the county Clerk of Courts. Any existing birth and death records from through December 19, are located at the County Probate Court. The Ohio Department of Health has birth records filed after December 20, and death records filed after January 1, , while the Ohio History Connection houses death records from December 20, through December 31, Listed below are archives in Columbiana County.
For state-wide archival repositories, see Ohio Archives and Libraries. Listed below are libraries in Columbiana County. For state-wide library facilities, see Ohio Archives and Libraries. Listed below are societies in Columbiana County. For state-wide genealogical societies, see Ohio Societies. FamilySearch affiliate libraries may have access to center-only databases, but do not always have all services normally provided by a family history center.
Memories Overview Gallery People Find. Sign in Create Account. Family Tree. From FamilySearch Wiki. United States. Columbiana County. Ohio Online Genealogy Records. This page is available for adoption. East Liverpool. East Palestine Hanoverton Leetonia Lisbon county seat. Manufacturing, sales, and service industries are the three largest, employers in Columbiana County.
Farming is a distant fifth behind government positions. Historically, East Liverpool was famous for its pottery businesses and earned the nickname "Crockery City. In , the per capita income for Columbiana County residents was approximately twenty-one thousand dollars. More than thirteen percent of the county's residents lived in poverty.
Most voters in Columbiana County claim to be independent.
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